![]() ![]() Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors: London, UK, 2018 Available online: (accessed on 22 September 2022). The authors declare no conflict of interest. Several interventions aiming to address these different sources have been studied with varying degrees of effectiveness, including those aiming to address industrial sources (e.g., the closure of a factory), residential sources (e.g., a coal ban), and vehicular sources (e.g., low emission zones). Besides traffic, it is estimated that air pollution contributed 15% to industrial activities and 20% to domestic fuel burning, which could be mitigated with the proper measures. Moreover, this digital network could provide real-time information and alerts to the population trying to limit the exposure to pollution. Several systematic reviews and meta-analysis have found these interventions (e.g., intervention via telephone call or SMS, Internet-based programs, video-conferencing, etc.) to be effective in improving glycemic control, adherence to treatment, diabetes knowledge, and patient self-efficacy, in both high- and low income settings. The smart city digital network could play an important role by expanding care at a distance (avoiding more traffic and reducing exposure to pollution), which has been proven to be effective in reducing travel-related fuel consumption and air pollution. Globally, it is estimated that about 25% of urban ambient air pollution is the result of both car and airport traffic. Many health tech startups have played a role in improving Singapore’s healthcare, and it is an example that could be applicable around the world. The system has been in use since the 1950s. Since the individual has to pay for any medical care, there is a large focus on improving a healthy lifestyle and taking preventative measures to illness, such as managing stress, not smoking, and lowering alcohol intake. Since the emphasis is put on funding the individual’s own medical care, healthcare consumers will only spend when it is important, meaning that there is less strain on medical professionals. The state only funds a quarter of healthcare the individual pays for the rest of it. This has been achieved in part thanks to a healthcare system that is oriented toward public health and disease prevention., The healthcare system is based on a universal health insurance system, where patients, not insurers, bear the costs of routine care. Singaporeans have the world’s longest life expectancy, at 84.8 years. The role of digital PH services emerges from the analysis of the SPHEC framework, through the development of proper digital health services within the smart city, strengthening capacity and resilience in future climate emergencies, and motivating policy makers to take this challenge more seriously. This allows for an assessment of the actual benefits that are obtained with the digital health services, and provides evidence for guiding decision-making. The SPHEC framework was defined by elucidating clearly the several dimensions of the PH functions within a digital city, via the identification of a set of digital PH services that are required to support the SPHEC framework. The European Green Deal served as a blueprint for this transformational change toward a healthier and more sustainable city. A set of PH and smart city experts participated in the DSRM process, using diabetes as a case study. Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) is used to elicit a Smart Public Health City (SPHEC) framework. ![]() ![]() The inclusion of public health into the pillars of the Smart City concept to contribute toward mitigating PH crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, is a framework for action. The core of the Smart City is sustainability, and its basic condition is active PH. The environmental health determinants and the climate crisis now represent a clear PH threat. The development of urban policies should be guided by evidence-based PH practices. Public health (PH) has recognized climate change as a major challenge. ![]() They need potential smart and digital approaches. European cities should address the climate change challenges, improving quality of life and reducing costs. ![]()
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